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| c. 1150 |
| | The Aztecs begin to move south from their original home, which they call Aztlan, somewhere in northern Mexico | |
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| c. 1345 |
| | The Aztecs settle on an uninhabited island in a lake, which they name Tenochtitlan — the site of the modern Mexico City | |
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| 1434 |
| | The rulers of Tenochtitlan join with two other neighbouring kingdoms to form the Aztec Triple Alliance | |
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| 1487 |
| | When the enlarged pyramid at Tenochtitlan is dedicated to Huitzilopochtli, the Aztec sacrifice of human victims lasts for four days | |
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| 1513 |
| | Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches the Pacific coast and claims the ocean for the king of Spain | |
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| 1519 |
| | The Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortes lands on the coast of Mexico with 600 men, 16 horses and about 20 guns | |
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| 1519 |
| | Montezuma welcomes Hernan Cortes to his capital, Tenochtitlan, under the impression that he is the returning god-king Quetzalcoatl | |
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| 1519 |
| | Cortes and his tiny force capture Montezuma, ruler of the mighty Aztec empire, in his palace at Tenochtitlan | |
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| 1520 |
| | Cortes loses control of Tenochtitlan and has to escape in haste with his men during 'the Sorrowful Night' | |
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| 1521 |
| | After a little more than a year Cortes recaptures Tenochtitlan and finally establishes Spanish control over Mexico | |
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